Actions by the Federal Reserve to slow the economy have led to the weekly 30-year fixed rate mortgage (FRM) on June 1, 2023, to end at 6.79%. This is an increase of 372 bps since the end of Nov-21 when it was 3.07%. Concurrently, the year-over-year home price gains through Apr-23 for the 20 CBSAs tracked by this report (the CHTR 20-city index) have slowed down to 0.04% (Column 4 in Table 1).
How long does it take for home price declines to filter into the rental market? This is an important question because rents filter into the CPI calculations and there is evidence that growth in rents on SFR detached properties appears to be a leading indicator of CPI-Shelter. The year-over-year growth in rents for 3-bedroom detached properties in Apr-23 was 5.30%. Given the long lag time for the rate changes to filter into the CPI data, this suggests the shelter cost of CPI is not going to fall below 4.00 percent anytime soon.
We also see in column 8 that YOY growth in rental rates on apartments in multi-unit structures is still positive and grew at a slightly slower rate in Apr-23 (4.13% vs 4.50 prior month). To get a micro-sense of how rents are changing with prices, Chart 1 shows both the month-over-month increases in home prices (HPA) and in rental rates (RRA) as of Apr-23 for our 20 CBSAs.
The monthly rental data, here, is not deseasonalized. The chart shows that, across CBSAs, RRA seems to move in-step with HPA. As we move from left to right. The clear bars with a horizontal line (RRAapt) are small, but positive values. The dotted bars show mostly positive increase in HPA across almost CBSAs. The red bars show the significant one month increase in rental rates for 3-bedroom property and the much slower increases for rents on apartments in multi-unit buildings (which have turned downward again). Higher mortgage rates have deflated the home price bubble, but not the rent bubble. It is important to note:
Vacancy rates are low, despite the increased purchases of homes.
Landlords have pricing power.
Apartment renters might have low incomes and weak credit and may have no other choices but to pay higher rents.
Individual CBSA rental markets:
Although rents are both rising and declining (depending on the CBSA), the still high appreciation of rental rate may continue. It depends, in part, whether renters can afford these increases and on the ability of landlords to increase rents in order to offset rising purchases prices for homes. The rule of thumb is that a household should allocate about 30 percent of its income to shelter. To partially answer this question, we show four additional charts below. The first (Chart 2) is for three-bedroom detached properties and the second (Chart 3) is data for apartment rental (all unit sizes) in multi-unit buildings.
Chart 2 shows that in major CBSAs, like Los Angeles, CA, New York, NY, Miami, FL and San Francisco, CA renters are willing to allocate more than 60 percent of their income to renting a three-bedroom property.
